Solar-Catalog.com 2008
Micro Hydroelectric Turbines
Catalog Contents
SolarTaos.com
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AIR CONDITIONERS APPLIANCES AUTOTRANSFORMERS BACKPACKS BATTERIES, STORAGE BATTERY ACCESSORIES BATTERY CABLES BATTERY CHARGERS BATTERY CONTAINERS BOOKS CHARGE CONTROLLERS CIRCUIT BREAKERS COMPOSTERS COMPOSTING TOILETS DEHUMIDIFIERS DISCONNECTS ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES FANS FUSES & HOLDERS FREEZERS GARDEN COMPOSTERS GENERATORS, BACKUP GENERATOR STARTERS GROUNDING PRODUCTS HUMIDIFIERS INVERTERS -GRID-TIE -GRID INTERACTIVE -OFF GRID, MODIFIED SINE -OFF GRID, SINEWAVE -PORTABLE LIGHTING LIGHTING CONTROLLERS LOAD DIVERSION METERS MICRO HYDROPOWER MONITORING SYSTEMS PV MOUNTING STRUCTURES RANGES PORTABLE POWER REFRIGERATION SKYLIGHTS, TUBLAR SOLAR PV MODULES SOLAR WATER HEATING STABER WASHERS STOVES TOILETS, COMPOSTING TRANSFORMERS USED ITEMS VENTILATION WASHING MACHINES WATER PUMPS WATER HEATERS, TANKLESS WIND POWER WIRE |
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Pipelines A hydroelectric turbine operates from the pressure at the bottom end of a pipeline. This pressure, usually measured in pounds per square inch (PSI), is directly related to the head, or vertical distance from where the water goes into the pipe at the top of the pipeline, to the turbine located at the bottom of the pipeline. The pressure at the lowest point of a pipeline is equal to 0.433 times the head, (the vertical distance in feet). Pressure is important because it is a determining factor in how much power is available and what type of pipe is required. Polyethylene pipe can be used for pressures up to 100 PSI, PVC pipe is available with pressure ratings from 160 to 350 PSI and steel pipe can withstand 1000 PSI or more. Check with your local plumbing supplier for pipe ratings. Pipe diameter is very important. All pipelines will cause the water flowing in them to lose some energy to friction. The pipe must be large enough for the maximum quantity of water it will carry. The pressure at the bottom of a pipeline when water is not flowing is called static pressure. When water is flowing through the outlet or nozzle of the hydroelectric turbine, the pressure at the outlet is the dynamic pressure or running head. If you install a gate valve on the pipeline just above the turbine and a pressure gauge on a "T" fitting just above the gate valve, you will read the static pressure on the gauge when the valve is closed and the dynamic pressure when the valve is opened. The maximum power that can be delivered by a pipeline will occur when the dynamic pressure is approximately 2/3 of the static pressure. The actual flow rate of the water in a hydroelectric system is determined by the diameter of the nozzle. We will supply a turbine with the proper size nozzle for your site, depending on the head, flow, length and diameter of the pipe. We carry hydroelectric generators made by Energy Systems and Design, HI-Power Hydroelectric, and Harris Hydroelectric. Use the descriptions below to help determine which turbine will work best for your site and power requirements. Let us help you design the system If you think you have a suitable site, contact us and we will help you choose the best unit for your situation. Please provide us with the following information about your site when calling: 1. Head The total vertical elevation from the place where the water enters the pipe to the point where the turbine will be located. 2. Flow The number of gallons per minute that are available. 3. Distance The length of pipe that will be necessary to carry the water from the pickup to the turbine. If the pipe is already installed what is the type and diameter? |
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4. Location
Distance from turbine to batteries.Nozzle Selection
Power output of a hydroelectric generator is determined by the pressure of the water at the nozzle and the amount of water flowing out of the nozzle. The larger the nozzle, the greater the flow will be. The nozzle must also be sized small enough to keep your pipeline full and keep the speed of the water in the pipe below five feet per second.
The nozzle selection chart below shows water flow through various size nozzles at given pressures. Use this chart to determine what size nozzle and how many nozzles you need to accommodate the flow of water you have and to deliver the amount of power you need. A pressure gauge in the pipe feeding your turbine, installed before the shutoff valve, can help you check proper operation and diagnose problems. When the valve is shut off, the gauge will read the static pressure in pounds per square inch PSI (head in feet x .433). When the valve is turned on the gauge will read a lower (dynamic) pressure.
The difference between these two pressures represents your loss to
friction in the pipe. The greater the flow, the greater your loss will be.
Water Flow Information for Pumping and Hydroelectric Design
Flow Through Nozzles
The chart below shows flow through various nozzles in GPM at a range of heads from 5 feet to 400 feet. Use chart to choose what nozzle size to use and how many nozzles a turbine must have to give the required flow to use all of the water available in the system.
| Head | Nozzle Diameter |
RPM for |
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|
Feet |
PSI |
1/8" |
3/16" |
1/4" |
5/16" |
3/8" |
7/16" |
1/2" |
5/8" |
3/4" |
7/8" |
1.0" |
|
|
5 |
2.2 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
6.18 |
8.4 |
11 |
17.1 |
24.7 |
33.6 |
43.9 |
460 |
|
10 |
4.3 |
- |
- |
3.88 |
6.05 |
8.75 |
11.6 |
15.6 |
24.2 |
35 |
47.6 |
62.1 |
650 |
|
15 |
6.5 |
- |
2.68 |
4.76 |
7.4 |
10.7 |
14.6 |
19 |
29.7 |
42.8 |
58.2 |
76 |
800 |
|
20 |
8.7 |
1.37 |
3.09 |
5.49 |
8.56 |
12.4 |
16.8 |
22 |
34.3 |
49.4 |
67.3 |
87.8 |
925 |
|
30 |
13 |
1.68 |
3.78 |
6.72 |
10.5 |
15.1 |
20.6 |
26.9 |
42 |
60.5 |
82.4 |
107 |
1140 |
|
40 |
17.3 |
1.94 |
4.37 |
7.76 |
12.1 |
17.5 |
23.8 |
31.1 |
48.5 |
69.9 |
95.1 |
124 |
1310 |
|
50 |
21.7 |
2.17 |
4.88 |
8.68 |
13.6 |
19.5 |
26.6 |
34.7 |
54.3 |
78.1 |
106 |
139 |
1470 |
|
60 |
26 |
2.38 |
5.35 |
9.51 |
14.8 |
21.4 |
29.1 |
38 |
59.4 |
85.6 |
117 |
152 |
1600 |
|
80 |
34.6 |
2.75 |
6.18 |
11 |
17.1 |
24.7 |
33.6 |
43.9 |
68.6 |
98.8 |
135 |
176 |
1850 |
|
100 |
43.3 |
3.07 |
6.91 |
12.3 |
19.2 |
27.6 |
36.6 |
49.1 |
76.7 |
111 |
150 |
196 |
2070 |
|
120 |
52 |
3.36 |
7.56 |
13.4 |
21 |
30.3 |
41.2 |
53.8 |
84.1 |
121 |
165 |
215 |
2270 |
|
150 |
65 |
3.76 |
8.95 |
15 |
23.5 |
33.8 |
46 |
60.1 |
93.9 |
135 |
184 |
241 |
2540 |
|
200 |
86.6 |
4.34 |
9.77 |
17.4 |
27.1 |
39.1 |
53.2 |
69.4 |
109 |
156 |
213 |
278 |
2930 |
|
250 |
108 |
4.86 |
10.9 |
19.9 |
30.3 |
43.6 |
59.4 |
77.6 |
121 |
175 |
238 |
311 |
3270 |
|
300 |
130 |
5.32 |
12 |
21.3 |
33.2 |
47.8 |
65.1 |
85.1 |
133 |
191 |
261 |
340 |
3590 |
|
400 |
173 |
6.14 |
13.8 |
24.5 |
38.3 |
55.2 |
75.2 |
98.2 |
154 |
221 |
301 |
393 |
4140 |
Use the chart below to determine what pipe size is required to efficiently allow necessary flow for your power need. Once you know the required flow for your system (gpm), find the head loss for various pipe sizes. Multiply the head loss number by the length of the pipe divided by 100 and you will get the loss of head for that pipe size. The actual head minus the head loss will give you the effective head in the system.
| Pipe Friction Loss Chart - Head loss in feet per 100 feet of Schedule 40 PVC pipe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Flow (GPM) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 400 | 500 | ||
|
PIPE DIAMETER (Inches) |
1/2 | 2.08 | 4.16 | 8.7 | 14.8 | 23.5 | 43 | |||||||||||||||||
| 3/4 | 0.51 | 1.02 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 5.73 | 10.5 | 20.1 | 42.5 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 0.1 | 0.55 | 0.68 | 1.15 | 1.72 | 3.17 | 6.02 | 12.8 | 21.8 | 32.9 | 46.1 | |||||||||||||
| 1-1/4 | 0.03 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.44 | 0.81 | 1.55 | 3.28 | 5.59 | 8.45 | 11.9 | 20.2 | 30.5 | 45.6 | ||||||||||
| 1-1/2 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 0.72 | 1.53 | 2.61 | 3.95 | 5.53 | 9.43 | 14.3 | 20 | 28.6 | 36.7 | |||||||||
| 2 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.45 | 0.76 | 1.15 | 1.62 | 2.75 | 4.16 | 5.84 | 7.76 | 9.94 | 15.1 | 34.8 | 59.3 | |||||||
| 2-1/2 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.68 | 1.16 | 1.75 | 2.46 | 3.27 | 4.19 | 6.33 | 13.4 | 25.0 | 37.8 | 46.1 | ||||||
| 3 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.85 | 1.13 | 1.44 | 2.18 | 4.63 | 7.88 | 11.9 | 18.4 | 40.1 | |||||||
| 4 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.38 | 0.58 | 1.22 | 2.08 | 3.15 | 4.41 | 7.52 | |||||||||||
| 5 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.1 | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.4 | 0.69 | 1.05 | 1.46 | 2.49 | 3.76 | |||||||||||
| 6 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.6 | 1.01 | 1.53 | |||||||||||||
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H-Power Hydro Turbines |
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NEW! HI-Power LV
Hydroelectric Generators Head
Range: 40 to 400 feet
Hi Power is now offering a low voltage brushless PM generator. This user-friendly unit requires no adjustments and is more efficient than car alternator types over a wider range of head and flow. Available in 4 voltages: 12, 24, 48 and 96V, for direct battery charging or for use with power point trackers (like MX) or power supplies. The sealed permanent magnet alternator is mounted on a Harris housing with the bronze Harris pelton wheel. The external rectifier is water-cooled and all fasteners are stainless steel. It comes with induction meter and 3 feet of 1 flexible hose per nozzle. Order multiple nozzles for convenient adjustment to varying flows. Alternator has 2 sealed 6203 bearings which should be changed every 5-10 years, depending on use. When ordering, specify battery voltage, transmission line length and size, flow, pressure, pipe size and length.
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HI-Power Hydroelectric
Generators Head Range: 60 to
500 feet
HI-Power Hydroelectric generators are ideal for sites where water is far from power needs (up to 10,000 feet), or when greater power is required. High transmission voltage can be sent over a mile before being stepped down to battery voltage. It comes complete with step down transformer, rectifier, fuses and amp meter. Use a diversion type regulator with these units. These hydroelectric generators use brushless alternators for reliability and versatility. They produce 110V, 220V, or 440V "wild" (unregulated) AC, which is then stepped down with the supplied transformer and rectifier. The heavy-duty brushless alternator is housed on the Harris housing and uses the Harris Bronze Pelton Wheel for flows up to 200 gpm and the ESD Turgo Wheel and housing for flows 200 to 400 gpm. Available in 4 sizes ranging from 600 to 3600 watts. The HV600 is available with 2 or 4 nozzles. The larger units come with 4 nozzles. 2 year warranty.
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| Harris Pelton Turbines | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Head Range:
20 to 600 feet Flow Range: 4 to 250 GPM Maximum 12-Volt Power: 700 watts Maximum 24-Volt Power: 1400 watts Maximum 48-Volt Power: 2500 watts
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This hydroelectric battery charger uses a cast bronze pelton wheel and a heavy duty automobile alternator or a brushless permanent magnet alternator in a white powder-coated aluminum housing. They are available with one, two or four nozzles, depending on water flow and power requirements. (PVC manifold with one shut-off valve on two-nozzle machines and 3 shut-off valves on 4-nozzle machines is available) These turbines can be fitted with nozzles up to 1/2" in diameter. Each hydroelectric system is custom-built to match your site specifications. Please tell us your head, flow, pipe size and length, electrical transmission line length and battery voltage when ordering. Allow two to three weeks for delivery. The permanent magnet brushless alternator (PM) pictured to the left is 15-30% more efficient and produces less heat and lasts longer than the former automotive alternator turbines which Harris use to make. 1-year warranty.
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The multiple nozzle arrangement allows
much more water to impact the runner resulting in greater output
at any head, and more usable power at lower heads. Multi-nozzle
systems include a PVC penstock and individual ball valves on
each nozzle. The Pelton type runner is lost wax cast of silicon bronze. The wheel is 70 - 90% efficient, depending on nozzle size and head pressure. The bucket shape allows high efficiency for nozzles and provides a flow range of over 100/1. The wheel has a hydraulic diameter of just over 4.00". Each wheel is individually balanced. |
www.microhydropower.com
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ES&Ds microhydro systems employ high efficiency, precision-cast parts, and non-corrosive alloys for long life and durability. A digital multimeter accompanies each turbine for measuring output amperage. These units can be used in stand-alone, or grid-tied systems. |
Head Range: 5 to 200 feet
Flow range: 10 to 400 GPM
Maximum Power: 1000 Watts
Voltage from 12 to 48 VDC
ES&D hydroelectric battery chargers use a cast bronze turbo runner to drive a long-life, brushless permanent magnet alternator.
A simple change of wiring in the junction box allows this turbine to charge 12, 24, or 48-volt battery systems. These turbines come with cut-to-size nozzles that can be user-set for up to 1", allowing a very large flow in low head situations. They can operate on heads as low as five feet with a flow of 40 GPM.
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Description |
Item Code |
MSRP |
Price |
Purchase |
| ES&D 2 Nozzle Stream Engine |
17.3241 |
$2,495 |
$1,995 |
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| ES&D 4 Nozzle Stream Engine |
17.3244 |
$2,795 |
$2,235 |
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Head Range: 50 to 500 feet
Flow range: 3 to 30 GPM
Maximum Power: 350 Watts
Voltage from 12 to 48 VDC
This new tiny turbine, a miniature version of the Stream Engine above, is ideal for sites with good head, but with very little flow. Two models are available; one for 12 to 48 volt charging and one for high voltage transmission. At 3 GPM and 100 feet of head, the Waterbaby will charge at 25 watts.
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Description |